Monday, June 16, 2008

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GAS THERMOMETER

What are we doing?
build a gas thermometer, and then explain the physical phenomena of the operation of this instrument.

Materials:
"A large glass jar with lid.
-plastic capillary tube of a ballpoint pen (Bic type). Plastilina
-Fastix or type of sealer.
-blue or black ink or dye.

Procedure:

If the capillary has some ink pen, wash well. You may want to use alcohol.
In the center of the bottle cap to make a hole Like smaller diameter than the capillary.
Pass the tube through the hole and secure it so that they are two or three inches of the inside of the lid. Union with clay seals or sealant.
Fill a bowl with water. Mix some ink or dye to color. Touches the water with either end of the capillary. Due to the capillary column of water will rise through it. Separate tube plate and notes that in its interior has been a drop.
Carefully drop is moving toward the center of the capillary, trying not to be separated into several droplets.
Place the bottle cap. Due to increased internal pressure is likely to drop operation to move above. In this case start over with a new drop, since the objective is that when you put the lid on the jar the drop is about half of the tube (see figure).


already have your gas thermometer. the temperature indicator is the position of the drop in the capillary.
To prove it: Place the thermometer on a hot plate. A few moments you will see that the drop of water moves upward. Take the thermometer out of hot water and place it in cold water. You will see that the drop moves down.

Explanation:

drop behavior in the capillary is explained as follows: when the thermometer immersed in hot water the air inside is heated. When heated, the air pressure inside the container increases slightly with respect to atmospheric pressure and pushes the droplet upward airflow. When the thermometer immersed in cold water cools the air, the pressure decreases inside and then outside pressure pushes the drop down.
This thermometer is not very accurate but has the advantage that it is quite sensitive to temperature changes. If you take the glass bowl with both hands, you will observe that the drop goes and then if you leave it on the table, really coming down to its original position.
Think about the similarities between this thermometer and one mercury.

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Global Warming and Greenhouse Effect

What we do ? Let
reproduce the conditions that create global warming on Earth, simulating the effects of the sun in the living. In this way we can understand which part of the electromagnetic radiation from the sun is what helps us grow and what causes heat.


Materials - A transparent acrylic box (or plastic)
- Two plants that fit inside the box
- Two thermometers
- A clock
- plastic cups

Procedure

1. First build a transparent box that simulates the conditions of the Earth in space. Can be made of acrylic or clear plastic.
2. We need to grow two plants of beans (or other vegetable) in plastic cups, which will help us to visualize changes in temperature. When you have approximately 15 cm in height, are ready to conduct the experiment.
3. The activity is carried out in a sunny day around noon to have a lot of solar radiation. Place plants and thermometers as shown in the first figure. VERY IMPORTANT: you have to put the thermometer bulb (the ball that contains mercury) in the shadow of the plastic cup where the plant. In this way, none of thermometers gives direct sun, and can measure ambient temperature.
4. Record the initial temperature of the thermometers. Every 2 minutes record the temperature of the thermometers and time of measurement. After 15 to 20 minutes, the temperature inside the box will be much higher than outside. Enter a description of the state of both plants.
5. Make a graph of temperature versus time, with time on the ordinate and temperature in the abscissa. The graph should be similar to Fig.
6. Repeat the experiment within a room with low lighting. What temperatures get into the box?

How do we explain what happened?
The Sun emits radiation in a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, corresponding to infrared, visible and ultraviolet. The most intense emission corresponds to yellow. When solar radiation strikes an object on Earth, it absorbs solar radiation and heat slightly. When heated, the body emits radiation with longer wavelength (infrared) and cooled slightly. The radiation from the sun to absorb bodies is mostly yellow, and the radiation emitted by warm bodies is red or infrared. Under normal conditions, the amount of radiation received and emitted by bodies on Earth is the same, therefore not calientan.La acrylic box or clear plastic has the effect of preventing the transmission of infrared radiation. As the plastic is transparent to visible radiation (mainly yellow), but opaque to solar radiation in a short time inside the box is much warmer than outside. This warming can be seen in the effect produced in plants located on the inside and outside of the box. Which is begins to set in withered by the heat, and outside is not affected as well.

Global Warming and Greenhouse Effect
global warming is a process that has been affecting the Earth for several years and is the product of uncontrolled industrialization of mankind. Many of the observed changes in climate have occurred in recent years major floods, extreme cold, storms, among others, are due probably to global warming. In turn, this heating effect is produced by the gases in the atmosphere invernadero.Existen that let visible radiation (yellow, green, blue, etc..) And absorb radiation of longer wavelength (red or infrared). These gases are called "greenhouse effect" and exist in small quantities in the atmosphere (CO2, CH4, H2O, NOx, O3, CFC). Many industrial processes, transportation and other activities generate greenhouse gases in amounts that alter the atmospheric balance and cause global warming. The infrared radiation emitted by bodies through the atmosphere and out into space, thus maintaining a stable temperature on Earth, as the radiation emitted is the same as entering. The gases of greenhouse effect (CO2, CH4, H2O, NOx, O3, CFC) are the property of absorbing infrared radiation preventing the Earth to cool. As a consequence the Earth is warming because it reduces the escape route for this radiation.


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How to see the Sound (Making an oscilloscope)

What can we do?
Let's build a display of acoustic vibrations, ie, sound. Corresponds to a simulation of an oscilloscope

Materials
- A PVC pipe, cardboard, tin or timber of 5 cm or more in diameter and 15 to 20 cm long.
- A tin can to which we can take
ideal background - a piece of birthday balloon
- A mirror of approximately 1 ¥ 1 cm
- A universal support or any system to set the jar without moving
- Glue
- A light source (can be a common lamp, a laser pointer or the Sun itself)
- A light curtain or wall

How do we do?

1 .- Attach PVC pipe to a support. On one end tie a rubber balloon as a drum, taking care not to become too tight. With the glue stick the mirror halfway between center and edge of the rubber tube.
2 .- Direct the device to a fixed light source incident on the mirror and reflected on a wall or backdrop. Sunlight is appropriate if the screen or wall painted a light color, is shaded. A laser pointer mounted to a bracket is another solution.

How will we work?


1 .- open end generate different sounds, such as voice, clapping, guitar, whistle, all you can think of, look at the curtain and Surprise, you can see how different sounds produce different pictures on the wall.
2 .- To design a table comparing the forms that are drawn for each different sound.

What
was what we observe?

The rustic oscilloscope is this system to visualize and differentiate sounds. The sounds entering the PVC pipe, that is, they vibrate the air inside it. This, in turn vibrates the rubber membrane. The mirror is located in the gum to experience the most inclinations, which are amplified twice angularly and linearly in proportion to the distance between the mirror and the curtain, as shown. Why different sounds produce different "designs" on the curtain?

perceive sounds that differ in height or pitch, for its intensity and its timbre. The infinite variety of sounds can be explained precisely because they correspond to different types of vibrations of atoms and molecules that make up the air, then, different sounds will also vibrate in many ways the rubber balloon, which will result in different movement the light that is reflected in the mirror.

Thursday, June 5, 2008

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IES Atenea (Mairena del Aljarafe - Sevilla)











From three years ago, our IES has institutionalized the Graduation Ceremony of our students who have completed high school studies and vocational training (catering facilities and electrical engineering).

The ceremony, held in the auditorium, was a meeting at 5 Bands (city council, the IES policy, teachers, students honored, and parents) with pretty speeches senses and mutual flattery.

I wish all my students, who get the most performance by qualification obtained, and they come face life. We also remind you that training is not a single event, which ends with this act, but must be maintained throughout the life and teachings more technical, with ever changing technologies.
luck everyone! Alcad