1931. Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Investigations, infects human subjects with cancer cells. Later, provides the facilities of the Department of Biological War U.S. army in Maryland, Utah and Panama, and is called to collaborate in the Atomic Energy Commission. While he is there, he begins a series of experiments involving exposure of American soldiers and civilian hospital patients to radiation effects.
1932. The Tuskegee Experiment began. A 399 black men diagnosed with syphilis are not informed of his condition, are denied treatment, and instead, are used as guinea pigs with the aim of studying the natural history and symptoms of the disease. They all died as a result of the effects of syphilis. Never told his family that could be treated.
1935. The Pellagra Incident. After an undetermined number of humans killed by the effects of Pellagra in the span of two décadas, el Servicio de Salud Pública de los Estados Unidos finalmente actúa para detener la enfermedad. El director de la Agencia admite que se sabía desde hacía 20 años que la Pelagra es causada por la deficiencia de Niacina, pero que no se actúo rápidamente debido a que la mayor parte de las muertes ocurrían en poblaciones afroamericanas azotadas por la pobreza.
1936. Después de que en 1931, Japón ocupara todo el nordeste de China, en 1936 entra en operación la “Unidad de Prevención Epidémica y Purificación de Agua del Ejercito de Kuantung”, que mas tarde sería conocida simplemente como Unidad 731. Este gigantesco complejo de edificios de more than six square kilometers (It had more than 150 buildings and was the center of biological research world's largest), was actually a secret military unit commanded by medical experimentation Imperial Japanese Navy. Among the atrocities that Japanese doctors performed (Led by Dr. Shiro Ishii) from the opening of the Unit until its closure in 1945, is conducting extensive vivisection without the use of anesthetic agents, exposure of prisoners to the explosion grenades and flamethrowers with the goal of developing better therapeutic procedures for the Japanese soldiers' wounds, deprivation food and water, exposure to lethal doses of X-rays, electrical burns, high pressure, low temperatures and centrifugal forces, injection of animal blood and air bubbles to the experimental subjects, poisoning the drinking water from local agents chemicals and infectious, and the exposure of thousands of human beings to the bubonic plague, smallpox, cholera, botulism, Anthrax, typhoid and dysentery, as part of the activities of chemical and bacteriological investigation of the Japanese army. Unit 731 was just one of 26 similar laboratories that Japan settled in China during the occupation. Many scientists involved in Unit 731 successfully continued their careers after it ceased operations after the Second World War. In 1946, the United States government offered amnesty and guarantees of non-prosecution in exchange for sharing information. It is estimated that between 3,000 and 200,000 Chinese, Koreans and Mongolians died directly or indirectly by the experiments of Unit 731.
1939. On several occasions between September 1939 and April 1945, Nazi doctors conducted experiments in the camps of Sachsenhausen and Natzweiler, in order to investigate the most effective treatment to treat wounds caused by Lost gas, a poison commonly known as mustard gas.
1940. 400 prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria in order to study the effects of new experimental drugs to combat this disease. Nazi doctors later cite this case as a plea for his actions during the Holocaust, during the development of the Nuremberg trials.
1941. Nazi sterilization experiments were conducted from March 1941 until January 1945 in the camps at Auschwitz and Ravensbrück. The purpose of these experiments was to develop a method that was able to sterilize millions of people in the least amount of time and with minimal effort.
1941. In the concentration camp of Buchenwald, numerous healthy inmates were deliberately infected with typhus bacteria. Over 90% of the victims died as a result. The Nazi doctors were investigating the effectiveness of some vaccines.
1942. Dr. Sigmund Rascher the Nazi Party, describes the results of the infamous freezing experiments conducted in concentration camps at Birkenau, Dachau and Auschwitz, at a medical conference entitled "Medical Problems arising from sea and winter."
1942. At the beginning of 1942, Several prisoners of the Dachau concentration camp were tortured in order for the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) might find the human body's ability to adapt and survive at high altitudes.
1942. From July 1942 until September 1943, German physicians conducted experiments in Ravensbrück concentration camp to investigate the effectiveness of the sulfonamide. Inflicted wounds in experimental subjects were infected with esptreptococos, gas gangrene and tetanus.
1942. From February 1942 until April 1945, numerous experiments were performed at the Dachau concentration camp by doctors Nazis, in order to investigate immunization in the treatment of Malaria.
1942. Military Departments Chemical and Bacteriological Warfare begin a series of experiments with mustard gas on about 4,000 items in service. The experiments continued until 1945 and made use of Seventh Day Adventists who chose to become guinea pigs in active service at the front of the army.
1942. From September 1942 to December 1943, German physicians conducted experiments in Ravensbrück concentration camp in order to study the regeneration of bone, muscle and nerve and bone transplantation from one person to another.
1943. On May 24, 1943, Dr. Josef Mengele - known as the "Angel of Death" - arrives at Auschwitz Concentration Camp. During the next 21 months, leading some of the most infamous and cruel experiments on human beings of whom record.
1943. Between December 1943 and October 1944, Nazi medical experiments conducted in the Buchenwald concentration camp to investigate the effects of various types of poisons in humans.
1943. In response to the Japanese Program large-scale chemical and bacteriological war, the United States begins a series of investigations on biological weapons at Fort Detrick, MD.
1943. From June 1943 until January 1945, experiments were conducted in the camps of Sachsenhausen and Natzweiler to investigate the causes of epidemic hepatitis and the use of inoculations for treatment. Experimental subjects were deliberately infected German doctors, and some died as a result of the experiments.
1943. From November 1943 until January 1944, experiments were performed in the concentration camp at Buchenwald to test the effect of various pharmacological preparations on phosphorus burns. These burns were inflicted by the Nazis in the experimental subject material phosphorus incendiary bombs.
1944. The U.S. Navy uses human beings to test gas masks and protective clothing. The subjects were locked in a gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas.
1944. From July 1944 until September 1944, Nazi doctors conducted experiments in the Dachau camp in order to test various methods to purify sea water. Some of the participating subjects were deprived of all food and were provided solely seawater chemically processed.
1945. Project Paperclip is initiated. The State Department of U.S. Army Intelligence and CIA begin to recruit Nazi scientists who offered diplomatic immunity and secret identities in exchange for work on classified government projects in the United States.
1945. Atomic Energy Commission U.S. implements "Program F". It is the largest U.S. study on the health effects caused by fluoride, which was one of the key components in the manufacture of atomic weapons. Fluoride, one of the most toxic chemicals known human health, causes marked adverse effects on the central nervous system. Much of the information is classified in the name of national security, in order to avoid legal proceedings arising hindered the manufacture of atomic weapons.
1946. Patient care hospitals for veterans are used as guinea pigs in medical experiments. In order to allay suspicions, the order is given replace the word "experiments" for "research" and "comments" all medical study conducted in veterans hospitals located in United States.
1946. The U.S. government offers to the Japanese doctor Shiro Ishii, and other scientists at the infamous Unit 731, judicial immunity and other guarantees in exchange for exchanging information on Japanese expertise in the field of chemical and bacteriological warfare. In this way, Shiro Ishii (Considered by some as the father of biological warfare) is never prosecuted for his crimes against humanity and died in 1959, because of laryngeal cancer.
1947. Colonel EE Kirkpatrick of the Atomic Energy Commission, the U.S. issues a secret document (Document 07075001, January 8.1947), stating that the agency would begin administering intravenous doses of radioactive substances to human beings.
1947. The first experiments with mind control on record which was carried out in 1947 as part of a U.S. Navy project called Operation CHATTER, seeking "speech-inducing drug" for use in the interrogation of "personal enemy or subversive."
1947. The CIA began to study the potential use of LSD as a weapon to American intelligence services. Humans (Both civilian and military) are used as experimental subjects, with and without their knowledge.
1950. The Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear weapons in desert areas with the aim of monitoring medical problems and mortality rates of nearby residents.
1950. In an experiment that tried to determine how susceptible an American city would be a biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprayed a cloud of bacteria over San Francisco Bay. Monitoring devices are placed throughout the city in order to assess the extent of infection. Several residents ill with symptoms similar to pneumonia.
1951. The Department of Defense U.S. begins testing outdoor pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The tests are prolonged until 1969, and there is concern that residents of adjacent areas have been exposed.
1953. U.S. Military released clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide over Winnipeg, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy River Valley in Maryland, and Leesburg, Virginia. Its purpose is to determine how efficiently they could disperse chemical agents.
1953. joint experiments are conducted between the Navy, the Navy and the CIA in which tens of thousands of people in New York and San Francisco are exposed to the airborne germs Serratia marcescens and Bacillus glogigii.
1953. The CIA begins Project MKULTRA. This research program lasting 11 years designed to produce and test drugs and biological agents that could be used to gain control of the mind and behavior modification. Six of the subprojects involved testing the agents on human beings without knowledge of their participation in the experiment.
1953. Ronald Maddison, an engineer 20 years of age belonging to the British Royal Air Force, died from the effects of Sarin gas on military installations Chemical Warfare Porton Down in Wiltshire. A Maddison said he would participate in a test "cure the common cold." Ten days after his death, opened a secret investigation that initially classified the incident as an accidental death. In 2004, the investigation was reopened and after 64 days of inquiry, a jury ruled that Maddison was killed by the "application of a nerve agent in a non-therapeutic experiment."
1954. American scientists conduct research on exposure to radioactive fallout in the Marshall Islands citizens, after the Castle Bravo nuclear test. The blasts occurred in the airspace of Rongelap Atoll and residents were exposed to serious levels of radiation (above 180 rads) 236 people were exposed, some of whom developed severe disease following radiation. At least one died.
1955. The CIA, in an experiment to test their ability to infect human populations with biological agents, releases a bacteria from military arsenals to Tampa Bay, FL
1955. chemical corporations continue research on LSD, studying its potential use as a chemical incapacitating agent. More than 1,000 Americans participate in the tests, which continue until 1958.
1956. U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever over Savannah, Ga and Avon Park, Fla. After each test, Army agents examined the victims in search of possible effects, posing as official U.S. Health.
1958. in laboratories of the U.S. Navy, LSD is tested on 95 volunteers in search of its possible effects about intelligence.
1960. The assistant chief of U.S. Naval Intelligence (ACSI) authorizes LSD research in Eastern Europe and Asia. The European population are testing the code name Project Third Chance, for their part, Asians are testing the code name Project Derby Hat.
1961. Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, carried out an experiment which seeks to measure the willingness of human beings to follow orders that go against their own conscience. He was ordered to ordinary people applying what they thought were fatal electric shocks to an actor hired by the investigators to impersonate the victim role.
1965. The CIA and the Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH, a program to develop the ability to manipulate human behavior through the use of drugs with mind-altering effects.
1965. Convicted the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia are exposed to dioxin, the highly toxic chemical component of Agent Orange used in Vietnam. The men are later examined for cancer development, indicating that he suspected that Agent Orange was a carcinogen for a long time ago.
1966. The CIA begins MKOFTEN Project, a program to test the toxicological effects of certain drugs on humans and animals.
1966. The United States Navy scattering Bacillus subtilis variant Niger through the subway system in New York City. More than a million civilians are exposed when Army scientists drop light bulbs filled with bacteria in the vents.
1967. The CIA and the Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI, successor to MKULTRA and designed to maintain, collect and test biological and chemical weapons.
1968. CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking water by injecting chemicals into water supplies from the FDA in Washington DC
1969. Dr. Robert MacMahan Department of Defense requested the U.S. Congress, 10 million dollars to develop, within 5 to 10 years, a synthetic biological agent for which no natural immunity exists.
1970. Funding for the synthetic biological agent is obtained under HR 15090 document. The project, under the supervision of the CIA, is conducted by the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, facilities-secret biological weapons the U.S. military.
1970. United States intensifies its development of "ethnic weapons" (Military Review, Nov., 1970), designed to selectively target and eliminate specific ethnic groups are susceptible to genetic differences and variations in DNA.
1971. Philip Zimbardo, a psychologist at Stanford University, began an experiment in which attempts to recreate the conditions of life in prison. 24 volunteers recruited by paying $ 15 a day. The experiment quickly goes out control and must be terminated prematurely when several of the participants begin to develop severe emotional disturbance, access uncontrollable crying, disorganized thinking and anger attacks.
1972. As a result of public outcry, an advisory committee was appointed to determine whether the Tuskegee Experiment was medically justified. Within days, ordered a halt to the experiment.
1977. Senate hearings on the Commission on Health and Scientific Research confirm that 239 populated areas were contaminated with biological agents between 1949 and 1969. Some of the areas included San Francisco, Washington, DC, U.S. Midwest, Panama City, Minneapolis and St. Louis.
1978. testing the vaccine for Hepatitis B, conducted by the CDC, begin in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Ads for research subjects specifically ask for promiscuous homosexual men.
1986. A report to Congress reveals that the current development of biological agents from the U.S. Government includes: modified viruses, naturally occurring toxins and agents that are altered through genetic engineering to change immunological character and prevent treatment by all existing vaccines.
1987. The Department of Defense United States admits that, despite a treaty banning research and development of biological agents, continues to operate research facilities at 127 facilities and universities around the nation.
1990. More than 1 500 black and Hispanic babies six months in Los Angeles are given a vaccine "experimental" measles vaccine that had never been licensed for use in the United States. The CDC later admits that parents were never informed that the vaccine being injected to their children was experimental.
1993. Eileen Welsome journalist reveals the names of 18 Americans who received intravenous doses of plutonium during the Cold War. From this revelation, there is growing pressure on the U.S. government to declassify all documents relating to secret experiments conducted during the Cold War. The information was finally made public in 1995.
1994. With a technique called "gene tracking," Dr. Garth Nicolson at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, discovered that veterans returning from Desert Storm were infected with an altered Mycoplasma incognitus, a microbe commonly used in the production of biological weapons. Incorporated into its molecular structure is 40 percent of the AIDS protein coat, indicating that it had been made by man.
1994. Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report revealing that for at least 50 years, the Department of Defense has used hundreds of thousands of military reserves in human experiments and for intentional exposure to hazardous substances. Materials included mustard and nerve gas, ionizing radiation, psychochemicals, hallucinogens and drugs used during the Gulf War.
1994. President Clinton assigned to an Advisory Committee, the task of investigating the allegations about the radiation experiments during the Cold War.
1995. U.S. Government admits that it had offered to war criminals and Japanese scientists who had conducted medical experiments on humans, salaries and immunity from prosecution in exchange for research data on biological warfare.
1995. In 1995, the U.S. Energy Department admitted that the Atomic Energy Commission conducted more than 430 radiation experiments from 1944 1974. More than 16,000 people were exposed to radiation, some of which were not warned of the risks to their health or not consenting to participate in the study.
1995. In its final report, submitted on October 3, 1995, the Advisory Committee of the United States Presidency, released to the public the classified information relating to the experiments that the U.S. government did during the Cold War. Concluded that in the early 60's it was common for doctors and research experiments would lead without seeking the consent of patients. Most information is known about secret experiments of the Cold War, comes from the research conducted by the Advisory Committee of President Clinton.
1995. Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the biological agents used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston, TX and Boca Raton, Fl and tested on prisoners in the Texas Department of Corrections.
1996. The Department of Defense admits that soldiers of Desert Storm were exposed to chemical agents.
1997. Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter demanding an investigation into the use of biological weapons Syndrome and Gulf War.
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